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# Python: namespace-aware parsing with ElementTree

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

xml_data = """<?xml version="1.0"?>
<root xmlns="http://example.com/default"
      xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
    <item id="1">
        <dc:title>XML Namespaces</dc:title>
        <description>A guide to XML namespaces.</description>
    </item>
</root>"""

tree = ET.fromstring(xml_data)

# Clark notation: {namespace-uri}localname
ns = {
    'ex': 'http://example.com/default',
    'dc': 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/',
}

for item in tree.findall('ex:item', ns):
    # Attribute id is in null namespace — no prefix needed
    print('ID:', item.get('id'))

title = item.find('dc:title', ns)
    desc  = item.find('ex:description', ns)

print('Title:', title.text if title is not None else 'N/A')
    print('Desc: ', desc.text  if desc  is not None else 'N/A')

# Accessing the tag directly returns Clark notation
first_item = tree.find('{http://example.com/default}item')
print('Tag:', first_item.tag)
# Output: {http://example.com/default}item