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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> <!-- XML Declaration breakdown: version = "1.0" (required) encoding = "UTF-8" (optional, defaults to UTF-8/UTF-16) standalone = "yes" (optional: "yes" means no external DTD needed) --> <!-- Processing instruction: attach an XSL stylesheet --> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="books.xsl"?> <!-- DOCTYPE declaration referencing an external DTD --> <!DOCTYPE bookstore SYSTEM "bookstore.dtd"> <!-- Root element — only one allowed per document --> <bookstore> <!-- Character data (text node) --> <title>XML Fundamentals</title> <!-- CDATA section: content not parsed by the XML parser --> <description><![CDATA[ This book covers <XML> & related technologies. Special characters like < > & need no escaping here. ]]></description> <!-- Entity references for reserved characters --> <note>Use < for less-than and & for ampersand.</note> </bookstore>
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