Try It Yourself - SyntaxStudy Editor

HTML / CSS / JS

const bcrypt = require('bcryptjs')

const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
  name:     { type: String, required: true },
  email:    { type: String, required: true, unique: true },
  password: { type: String, required: true, minlength: 8 }
}, { timestamps: true })

// PRE-SAVE middleware — hash password before storing
userSchema.pre('save', async function (next) {
  // "this" refers to the document being saved
  if (!this.isModified('password')) return next()
  this.password = await bcrypt.hash(this.password, 12)
  next()
})

// POST-SAVE middleware — side effect after save
userSchema.post('save', function (doc, next) {
  console.log(`User ${doc.email} was saved`)
  next()
})

// INSTANCE METHOD — available on document instances
userSchema.methods.comparePassword = async function (candidatePassword) {
  return bcrypt.compare(candidatePassword, this.password)
}

// STATIC METHOD — available on the Model class
userSchema.statics.findByEmail = function (email) {
  return this.findOne({ email: email.toLowerCase() })
}

const User = mongoose.model('User', userSchema)

// Using instance method
const user = await User.findByEmail('alice@example.com')
const isValid = await user.comparePassword('secret123')

// Using static method
const found = await User.findByEmail('bob@example.com')