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# ---- ip command (modern, preferred) ----

# Show all interfaces and their addresses
ip addr show
ip a              # Shorthand

# Show a specific interface
ip addr show eth0

# Show only IPv4 addresses
ip -4 addr show

# Bring an interface up/down
sudo ip link set eth0 up
sudo ip link set eth0 down

# Add an IP address to an interface
sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.100/24 dev eth0

# Delete an IP address
sudo ip addr del 192.168.1.100/24 dev eth0

# Show routing table
ip route show
ip r              # Shorthand

# Add a default gateway
sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1

# Add a specific route
sudo ip route add 10.0.0.0/8 via 192.168.1.254

# Show network statistics
ip -s link show eth0

# ---- ifconfig (legacy) ----
ifconfig                    # Show all interfaces
ifconfig eth0               # Show specific interface
sudo ifconfig eth0 up       # Bring interface up
sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0

# ---- DNS resolution ----
cat /etc/resolv.conf        # DNS server configuration
resolvectl status           # systemd-resolved status
nslookup google.com         # Query DNS
dig google.com              # Detailed DNS query
dig +short google.com       # Just the IP
host google.com             # Simple hostname lookup