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# Create a hard link
ln original.txt hardlink.txt
ls -li original.txt hardlink.txt    # Same inode number

# Create a symbolic link
ln -s /etc/nginx/nginx.conf nginx.conf
ls -la nginx.conf
# lrwxrwxrwx 1 alice alice 22 Apr 10 09:00 nginx.conf -> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# Remove a symbolic link (not the target)
rm nginx.conf

# ---- tar archives ----

# Create a .tar.gz archive
tar -czvf backup.tar.gz /etc/nginx/

# List contents of an archive
tar -tzvf backup.tar.gz

# Extract an archive to current directory
tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz

# Extract to a specific directory
tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz -C /tmp/restore/

# Create .tar.bz2 (better compression, slower)
tar -cjvf backup.tar.bz2 projects/

# Create .tar.xz (best compression)
tar -cJvf backup.tar.xz projects/

# ---- zip ----
zip -r archive.zip projects/
unzip archive.zip -d /tmp/projects_restored/

# ---- disk usage ----
df -h                               # Free space per filesystem
du -sh /var/log/                    # Size of a directory
du -sh /var/log/* | sort -h         # Sorted sizes of subdirectories
du -sh /* 2>/dev/null | sort -rh | head -10   # Top 10 biggest root dirs