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# Create an empty file touch notes.txt # Create multiple files at once touch file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt # Update timestamp of an existing file touch -t 202401151200 notes.txt # Create a directory mkdir projects # Create nested directories in one command mkdir -p projects/webapp/src/components # Copy a file cp notes.txt notes_backup.txt # Copy a file to a directory cp notes.txt /tmp/ # Copy a directory recursively cp -r projects/ projects_backup/ # Copy preserving metadata (permissions, timestamps) cp -rp projects/ /backup/projects/ # Move (rename) a file mv notes.txt notes_v2.txt # Move a file to another directory mv notes_v2.txt /tmp/ # Move multiple files into a directory mv file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt /tmp/ # Remove a file rm file1.txt # Remove a file with confirmation rm -i file2.txt # Remove a directory and all contents rm -rf projects_backup/ # Remove empty directory rmdir empty_dir/
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