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public class PrimitiveTypes {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Integer family
        byte  b  = 127;                // -128 to 127
        short s  = 32_767;             // -32768 to 32767
        int   i  = 2_147_483_647;      // ~2.1 billion
        long  l  = 9_223_372_036_854_775_807L; // ~9.2 quintillion

// Binary and hex literals (Java 7+)
        int flags = 0b0000_1111;       // 15 in binary
        int color = 0xFF_AA_00;        // orange in hex

// Floating-point family
        float  f  = 3.14F;             // ~7 significant digits
        double d  = 3.141592653589793; // ~15 significant digits

// Character and boolean
        char    c    = 'A';            // UTF-16 code unit
        char    euro = '€';       // Euro sign
        boolean flag = true;

// Widening conversion (automatic)
        long fromInt = i;              // int -> long, no cast needed

// Narrowing conversion (explicit cast, may lose data)
        int truncated = (int) 9.99;    // result: 9 (truncates, not rounds)

// Arithmetic and overflow demo
        int max  = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        int wrap = max + 1;            // overflows silently to MIN_VALUE

System.out.printf("byte: %d, short: %d%n", b, s);
        System.out.printf("int: %d, long: %d%n", i, l);
        System.out.printf("float: %.2f, double: %.15f%n", f, d);
        System.out.printf("char: %c (%d), euro: %c%n", c, (int) c, euro);
        System.out.printf("overflow demo: %d + 1 = %d%n", max, wrap);
        System.out.printf("truncated cast: (int)9.99 = %d%n", truncated);
    }
}